![]() ![]() Power flow analysis, or load flow analysis, has a wide range of applications in power systems operation and planning. To write these equations, the transmission network is modeled using the admittance matrix (Y-bus). To solve these unknowns, real and reactive power balance equations are used. In a system with nbuses and ggenerators, there are 2( n-1)-(g-1)unknowns. As both voltage magnitudes and angles are specified for the Slack bus, there are no variables that must be solved for. Load buses are called PQ buses because both net real and reactive power loads are specified.įor PQ buses, both voltage magnitudes and angles are unknown, whereas for PV buses, only the voltage angle is unknown. Most of the buses in practical power systems are load buses. The rest of generator buses are called regulated or PV buses because the net real power is specified and voltage magnitude is regulated. The slack bus is commonly considered as the reference bus because both voltage magnitude and angles are specified therefore, it is called the swing bus. The slack bus is required to provide the mismatch between scheduled generation the total system load including losses and total generation. ![]()
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